Kidney stone disease experienced by many Indonesians, especially men. Factors-factors that play a role in the formation of kidney stones include race, descent, sex, bacteria, less drinking, mineral-saturated water, employment, food temperature and the workplace. This can form stones in the kidney (kidney stones) and in the bladder (bladder stones). The process of stone formation is called urolitiasis.
Kidney stones in the urine channel (uriner calculus) is a stony mass that chew through the channel and can cause pain, bleeding, stoppage or the flow of urine infection. Terbentuknya stones can occur because of water saturated with the urine of salt-salt that can form stones because of water or lack of urine formation of the stone barricade that normal.
Types - types of kidney stones and Inspection
Stone veining and other fiber-fiber
Occur in people with gout, the urikosurik (eg probenesid or aspirin), and people with chronic diarrhea, and fluid loss, and increased concentration of urine, asidosis.
Gerusan stone in the middle tubule linear kl. 11 mm, the drops were given 20% solution Na2CO3 and 2 drops of reagent acid strand. This reagent contains fosfowolframat and order with the same reagent acid strand that is used to determine acid strand in serum. Blue expressly indicates that the reaction occurs immediately positive.
Phosphate stones
Occurred in patients hiperkalsiurik and / or excess supply of calcium.
Gerusan stone in a small test tube is mixed 4 - 5 drops of solution ammonium molibdat then heated above the flame. Visible positive reaction from the occurrence of yellow sediment. Ammonium solution molibdat: Larutkan 3.5 g ammonium molibdat in 75 mL aquadest then added 25 mL concentrated HNO3.
Stone Oxalat
To gerusan stone dibubuhi some drops of HCl 10% and then a little powder MnO2. Terlepasnya flare gas from the primary tube means that the reaction is positive.
Stone Carbonat
Gerusan stones mixed with 10% HCl with the excessive amount. Positive reactions when gas CO2 formation occurs extensively in the mix.
Cystine stones
Gerusan stone given 1 drops ammonium hidroxida, NaCN and 5 drops of 1%, which is made fresh, wait 5 minutes and after that add a few drops of solution natrium nitropusida 5% fresh. Cystine arise if there is red.
To explore the calcium, magnesium and ammonium group of extract needed from gerusan stones in HCl. Campurlah handsome stone gerusan with 10% HCl, saringlah sekedarnya, for instance by using a corked small funnel little cotton filter. Filtrate is no need to clear.
Calcium stones
Filtrate is mixed with 20% NaOH solution. Occurs when a white presiptat Calcium.
Stone Magnesium
Dibubuhi first few drops of 20% NaOH solution to the filtrate so that the reaction becomes alkalis. Then added magnesium reagent (1 mg p-nitrobenzene-azoresolcinol solution in 100 mL 1N NaOH). There is marked with Magnesium reagent that changes color red into the blue.
Ammonium stone
Alkaliskan first filtrate with a few drops of 20% NaOH solution and then add a few drops of reagent nessler. Color or yellow-brown prespitat arise when there is a group of ammonium.
Struvit stone (a mixture of magnesium, and phosphate Amonium) also called "infection stones" because this is only a stone in the water form the infected urine. Stone size varied, ranging from can not be seen with the naked eye up to 2.5 of a centimeter or more. A large stone called "staghorn calculus." This stone can fill almost the entire pelvis renalis and kalises renalis.
Symptoms
Stone, especially the small, may not cause symptoms. Stone in the bladder can cause pain in the lower part of the stomach. Ureter stone clog, pelvis renalis and tubulus renalis can cause back pain or kolik renalis (kolik great pain).
Kolik renalis marked with the great pain of lost-relief, usually in the region between the rib and pelvis, which is spreading to the stomach, the genitals and inner thigh. Other symptoms are nausea and vomiting, stomach bubble, fever, shivering, and blood in the urine in the water. People may become berkemih often, especially when the stones pass ureter.
Stones can cause urine infection channels. If the stones clog the flow of urine, the bacteria will be trapped in the water in the urine collected over a stoppage, so that there were infections.
If the stoppage lasts this long, water, urine will flow back to the channel in the kidney, causing an akan menggelembungkan kidney (hidronefrosis) and eventually kidney damage can occur.
Diagnosis
Stones that do not cause symptoms, it may be known by accident on the examination routine urine analysis of water (urinalisis).
Stone that causes pain is usually diagnosed based on symptoms kolik renalis, along with the pain in the back and press selangkangan or pain in the genitals without a clear cause.
Analysis of water mikroskopik urine can indicate the existence of blood, pus, or crystals of small stones. Usually does not need to do other checks, unless pain settled more than a few hours or diagnosisnya not sure.
Additional checks that could help establish the diagnosis is the collection of water and 24-hour urine sampling to assess the degree of blood calcium, sistin, acid and other nerves that can cause stones. Stomach rays can show the existence of calcium stones and stone struvit.
Medicine
Small stones that do not cause symptoms, or stoppage of infection, usually does not need treated. Drinking lots of fluids will increase the formation of urine and water to help remove some of the stone; if the stone has been terbuang, then do not need treatment immediately.
Stone in the pelvis the ureter or renalis the top of the measuring 1 centimeter or less can often be solved by ultrasonic waves (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ESWL). Fraction next stone thrown in water akan urine.
Sometimes a stone was through a small slice in the skin followed by ultrasonic treatment. Small stones in the lower part of the ureter can be lifted with the endoscope is inserted through uretra and into the bladder.
Stone sour nerves sometimes akan gradually dissolves in the water environment of urine basa (for example by giving potassium citric), but other stones can not be solved this way. Stone sour a larger grain, which caused the stoppage, should be appointed through the surgery.
There is a stone struvit indicate the occurrence of channel urine infection, so antibiotics are given.
Prevention
Terbentuknya to prevent kidney stones, some of the instructions below can be done:
1. Drinking enough water is white, approximately 8 glasses each day. The purpose of art in order to produce enough water to rinse chemical substances-substances that may be sediment in the kidney stone.
2. Do not consume too many foods that contain calcium (susu, having a speech impediment, meat, offal), and the food that is too high acid containing nerves (kangkung, spinach, cabbage flowers, and processed melinjo).
3. Often consume watermelon fruit, because fruit is more beneficial for the body, especially kidneys. The fruit is often referred to as a natural blood cleaner.
4. Do not heat processed vegetables spinach, because this one of forming kidney stones.
5. If possible, consumption of mineral water.
